The symptoms of congestive heart failure are not always clear. Some subjects, in the early stages, may even show no symptoms, while others may not give weight to disturbances such as fatigue or the feeling of "air hunger" interpreting them as normal signs of aging.
In other cases, however, the symptoms of congestive heart failure are more obvious. Due to the inability of the heart to pump adequate amounts of blood spray and so the organs (like the kidneys and brain) may manifest a variety of symptoms, including:
- difficulty breathing
- swelling in the feet and legs
- lack of energy and fatigue
- disturbed sleep due to breathing problems
- bloating or abdominal pain, loss of appetite
- cough with sputum "frothy" or phlegm
- increased urination at night
- confusion
- memory leaks
Risk Factors
Some subjects show a greater predisposition to the development of congestive heart failure. Establish with certainty who in the future will encounter this condition is impossible; nevertheless there are some known risk factors. Knowing them and consult a physician to establish an early treatment are effective strategies for the management of heart failure. The risk factors associated with heart failure include:
high blood pressure (hypertension)
heart attack (myocardial infarction)
heart valve abnormalities
enlarged heart (cardiomyopathy)
family history of heart disease
diabetes
Diagnosis
Only the doctor is able to determine whether there exists a condition of congestive heart failure and what stage. To do this, analyze the medical history of the patient, taking into account the past and present illnesses, family history and lifestyle. During the physical examination, the doctor will also evaluate heart, lungs, abdomen and legs to check for signs of heart failure.
To exclude or confirm a diagnosis of heart failure, your doctor may prescribe one or more of the following diagnostic tests:
- echocardiogram
- electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Chest X-ray
- stress test
- cardiac catheterization
If studies confirm congestive heart failure, your doctor may also decide to monitor the ejection fraction, ie the percentage of blood the heart pumps with each beat in a circle. This figure is a key indicator of the health of the heart and is often used by doctors to determine if the department works adequately.
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