What are the causes of congestive heart failure?
specifically the causes of heart failure are:
Causes of heart failure include anything that causes an increase in plasma volume up to a certain degree so that the volume of end diastolic ventricular stretch fibers exceeds the optimum length. The most common cause is an injury to the heart itself, which starts the cycle of failure by reducing the force of heart contractions. Harmful effects of the decline in contractility, began the accumulation of blood volume in the ventricle. Causes of heart failure who are at the heart among other things:
The occurrence of heart failure can be caused by:
a. Myocardial dysfunction (myocardial failure)
b. Excessive load-loading systolic pressure (systolic overload)
Excessive load beyond the capabilities of systolic ventricular (systolic overload) causes inhibition of ventricular emptying thereby reducing ventricular output or stroke volume.
c. Excessive volume loading load-diastolic (diastolic overload)
Excessive preload and beyond the capacity of the ventricle (diastolic overload) will cause the volume and end diastolic pressure in the ventricles rises. Frank Starling principle; cardiac output initially will increase according to the size of the heart muscle strain, but if the load continues to increase until beyond a certain limit, then it will decrease cardiac output again.
d. Increased metabolic needs-increasing need for excessive (demand overload)
Load increased metabolic needs exceed the ability of the working heart in which the heart has to work up, there will be a state of heart failure although cardiac output is high enough but not being able to meet the needs of the body's circulation.
e. Disorders charging (input resistance).
Barriers to ventricular filling due to disruption of flow into the ventricles or the venous return / venous return will cause expenditures or reduced ventricular output and decreased cardiac output.
f. Abnormalities of Heart Muscle
Heart failure is most common in patients with abnormalities of the heart muscle, resulting in decreased cardiac contractility. Underlying condition causes muscle dysfunction include coronary atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension and degenerative or inflammatory muscle disease.
g. Coronary Atherosclerosis
Lead to myocardial dysfunction due to disruption of blood flow to the heart muscle. Hypoxia and acidosis (due to accumulation of lactic acid). Myocardial infarction (death of heart cells) usually precedes the occurrence of heart failure.
h. Systemic Hypertension / Pulmonary
Increase the workload of the heart and in turn resulted in hypertrophy of the heart muscle fibers.
i. Inflammation and Diseases of Myocardium
Associated with heart failure because these conditions are directly damage the fibers of the heart, causes decreased contractility.
j. Heart disease
Heart disease such as stenosis of the semilunar valves, pericardium temponade, constructive pericarditis, AV valve stenosis.
k. Systemic Factors
Systemic factors such as hypoxia and anemia requiring increased cardiac output to meet the needs of systemic oxygen. Hypoxia or anemia also can reduce oxygen supply to the heart. Acidosis and electrolyte abnormalities may also decrease cardiac contractility.
All of the above situations can cause the left or right heart failure. Specific cause for right heart failure include:
- Left heart failure
- Pulmonary Hypertension
- PPOM
Hypertension, infarction, pulmonary embolism, infection, arrhythmia, anemia, febrile, emotional stress, pregnancy / childbirth, infusion / transfusion was the originator.
Many disease processes can impair the pumping efficiency of the heart and lead to congestive heart failure. The most common causes of congestive heart failure are:
- coronary artery disease
- high blood pressure (hypertension) standing
- alcohol abuse
- thyroid disorders
- heart rhythm disorders
It should also be noted that in patients with heart disease, certain medications can lead to the development or worsening of congestive heart failure. This is particularly true for those medications that can cause sodium retention or affect the power of the heart muscle.
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